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1、volume['vɑlju:m] n.容量;音量;(书的)卷,册
例:Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly fol-lowing it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.贝多芬习惯用紧促有力的演奏提高音量,然后曲风一转,紧接一段轻柔舒缓的音乐,而在他之前很少有作曲家这么做。(2014年英语一翻译第48题)
例:The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of informa-tion overload.仅仅是众多的选择就足以让顾客的大脑对信息不堪重负。(2016年英语二翻译)
例:Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report,Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.就在最 高法院对医助自杀做出裁决的三周前,全国科学学会(NAS)公布了一份两卷的报告《临近死亡:改善临终护理》。(2002年英语阅读理解Part A Text 4)
2、hatch [hætʃ] vi.&vt.孵化;秘密策划
例:As soon as the little bird hatches, it leaves its nest quickly.小鸟一出壳就离开巢穴。
例:The opposition has hatched this assassina-tion action towards the president.反对派策划了这次暗杀总统的行动。
n.舱口;舱门 例:The little girl stretched out her hand through the hatch.小女孩把手从舱口伸出来。
3、inertia [ɪnˈɝʃə] n.惯性;惰性
例: Leaders must wake people out of inertia.(Rosabeth Moss Kanter-American writer)领导 者必须让人摆脱惰性。
4、intervene[ˌintəˈviːn] vi.干预
例:India started to intervene in the stock market in 1991 after prices halved after the“bubble economy”burst.1991年,“泡沫经济”破裂后,股价下跌了一半,印度开始干预股市。
5、atom['ætəm] n.原子
例:According to the theory,the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions,emitting radiation as it went,condens-ing into particles and then into atoms of gas.根据该理论,宇宙形成的时候是一些亚微观的、极为稠密的纯能量,它们向四周扩散,发射射线,浓缩成粒子,然后形成气体原子。(1998年英语翻译)
例:To harness the power of the atom has remained challenging for many years.多年以来,掌控原子的力量一直是充满挑战性的工作。
6、continent [ˈkɑntənənt] n.洲;大陆
例:Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle”of debt, population decline and lower growth.现在,即使是欧盟最有力的支持者都在议论整个大陆面临的“百慕大三角”:债务、人口下降以及增长趋缓。(2011年英语二阅读理解Part A Text 4)
7、manifest['mænifest] vt.显示;表明
例:He mentioned the case to manifest the sig-nificant role of good habits.他提到那个案例,是为了表明良好习惯的重要作用。
8、studio['stu:diəu] n.工作室;电影制片厂;画室
例:The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses,warriors,entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press,studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery,piano and radio,the mail as well as the mail carrier.20世纪下半叶见证了一批天才、勇士、企业家和梦想家创造令人难以置信的机器的过程,这个机器可以充当打字机、打印机、电影制片室、剧院、画笔、画廊、钢琴、收音机、邮件或邮差。(2012年英语一阅读理解Part B)
9、dismay[dis'mei] n.沮丧
例:Technology giants have reacted with fury and dismay to the Google ruling.科技巨头对谷歌的管理表示愤怒和沮丧。
vt.使焦虑,使气馁 例:The professor was dismayed at the cynicism of the youngsters.教授对年轻人的愤世嫉俗感到伤心焦虑。
10、swell[swel] vi.&vt.膨胀,肿胀
例:Last year's profits were swelled by a fall in production costs.去年因生产成本下降,利润有所增加。
adj.极好的 例: As long as my voice is here,and there is a Holiday Inn waiting for me, then everything's just swell.(Tiny Tim-American musician)只要我的声音还在,并有一家假日酒店等着我,一切都会变好。
11、progressive [prə'gresIv] adj.进步的;逐步的
例:Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.令人遗憾的是,以往国内学校的探索精神已经不复存在,取而代之的是,将人文学科和社会科学当作宣传“进步思想”或倾自由主义思想的工具。(2014年英语一阅读理解Part A Text 4)
12、evolution [iːvəˈluːʃən] n.演变;进化
例:The potential evolution of today's technol-ogy, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.当今科技的潜在演变及其社会后果实在纷繁复杂、让人目炫,最好还是让科幻小说家和未来学家去探索我们可以设想的诸多可能性吧。(2013年英语一阅读理解 Part A Text3)
例:Newton's laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenom-ena into a single explicatory framework.牛顿的运动定律和达尔文的进化论都是把很多不同现象纳人到一个单独框架来解释。(2012年英语一翻译)
例: If evolution really works, how come mothers only have two hands? (Milton Berle American singer)如果进化论真的起作用的话,为什么母亲只有两只手?
13、territory [ˈteritəri] n.领土
例:The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and 16th-century explorations of North America.在15和16世纪探索北美洲的一百多年以后,首批满载移民的航船穿越大西洋驶向那片大陆,即如今的美国。(2015年英语一翻译)
14、entail[inˈteil] vt.需要;牵涉
例:Such a large investment of government inev-itably entails some risk.政府这样的巨额投资必然会有一定的风险。
15、treaty['tri:ti] n.条约
例:The secret of politics?Make a good treaty with Russia.(Otto von Bismarck-a conservative Prussian statesman)政治的秘密是什么?是与俄罗斯缔结一个好条约。
16、excerpt[ˈeksəːpt] n.摘录
例:By reading the excerpt of the novel The Old Man and the Sea,I have a general understanding of the story.通过阅读小说《老人与海》的摘录,我对这个故事有了大概的了解。
vt.摘录 例:The notes are excerpted from the world-famous writer's biography, which has a big influ-ence on many readers.这些笔记摘自那位世界闻名的作家的传记,该书对很多读者产生了深刻影响。
17、decade ['dekeid] n.十年
例:Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.过去的十年中,(晤谈)关注的焦点在气候变化上-温室气体引发的全球变暖是如何导致火灾加剧的。(2017年英语二阅读理解Part A Text 4)
18、liable [ˈlaɪəbl] adj.易于······的;负法律责任的
例:Moreover, too much praise makes the chil-dren proud, which further spoils them and renders them liable to develop all kinds of bad habits in the long run.而且,从长远来看,对孩子过度赞扬会助长其骄傲心理,他们依仗父母的宠爱,容易养成各种坏习惯。
19、amateur['æmətər] n.外行;爱好者
例:Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.何况,由业余爱好者做音乐批评的传统早已经成为明日黄花了。(2010年英语一阅读理解Part A Text 1)
adj.业余的;外行的 例:I always thought of myself as an amateur stunt man.(Casey Neistat-American YouTube personality,filmmaker)我会一直把自己看作业余替身演员。
20、exile[ˈeksail] n.流亡
例:He came back home after 30 years of exile.经过30年的流亡生涯后,他回家了。
vt.放逐,流放 例:I don't understand why he was exiled.我不明白他为什么被流放了。
21、basement['beismənt] n.地下室;地窖
例:Most people treat the news media like the exercise bike they have in their basement. They're glad it's there but they never use it.(Drew Curtis-founder and administrator of Fark.com)大多数人对待新闻媒体就像停在自家地下室的自行车。他们很高兴拥有它,但从来不用。
22、reciprocal[rɪˈsɪprəkl] adj.互惠的;相互的
例:The plan will only work if both sides fulfill their reciprocal obligations.只有双方都履行相互的责任,该计划才能起作用。
23、sniff[snif] vi.& vt.嗅,闻
例:People sniff out when you try to fake some-thing or be something you are not. (Sam Hunt-American musician)你试图伪造一些东西或者假装做什么的时候,人们总是会发现。
24、conversion[kənˈvɝʃən] n.转变
例:The changes stem from a sudden conversion to being a vegetarian.这些变化源于其突然转变为素食主义。
25、holy['həuli] adj.神圣的
例:I have been blessed to visit the Holy City of Mecca.我有幸前往圣城麦加。
26、appoint[əˈpɔɪnt] vt.任命;指定
例:In December of 1869,Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.1869年12月,国会任命了一个委员会来为新的国务院大楼选择地点、制订计划和估算成本。(2018年英语一阅读理解Part B)
27、adjective [ˈædʒɪktɪv] n.形容词
例:Any adjective you put before the noun “writer” is going to be limiting in some way.Whether it's feminist writer, Jewish writer,Russian writer, or whatever. (Alice McDermott-American writer)你在名词“作家”之前放任何形容词都会以某种方式限制他。无论是女权主义作家、犹太作家、俄罗斯作家,还是其他什么作家。
28、foundation [faunˈdeiʃən] n.基础;基金(会) 例:The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.艾森豪威尔行政办公楼(EEOB)的历史早在奠定基础之前就开始了。(2018年英语一阅读理解 Part B)
例:A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories.骑士基金会对14至24岁的年轻人进行了一次焦点小组调查,发现他们使用“分布式信任”来验证故事。(2018年英语-阅读理解 Part A Text 2)
29、radius['reidiəs] n.半径;范围
例:Please help measure the radius of the circle.请帮助测量这个圆的半径。
30、civil['sIvl] adj.公民的
例:Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how coun-tries are performing.该研究并不仅仅是关注国内生产总值(GDP),为了更全面地衡量一个国家的表现,还从健康、教育、公民社会参与等方面采用了40多种不同的标准进行衡量。(2017年英语一阅读理解Part A Text 3)
31、guideline['gaidlain] n.指导方针
例:Enough of the implications are discernable,even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.能引发的后果都在意料之中,甚至是显而易见的,因此法官们可以也应该给警察、律师和被告提供最 新的指导方针。(2015年英语一阅读理解 Part A Text 2)
32、revive[rI'vaIv] vt.&vi.(使)复活;(使)恢复;(使)再生 例:The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new compa-nies must be made easier.应对自动化的挑战凸显了美国重振衰退的商业活力的必要性:必须使开办新公司变得更容易。(2018年英语一阅读理解 Part A Text 1)
33、discharge [dɪsˈtʃɑrdʒ] vt.& vi.获准离开
例:He may be discharged from the hospital today because he has almost recovered from the illness.他今天可能获准出院,因为他的病基本已经好了。
34、conversely[kənˈvɝslɪ] adv.反过来说;相反地
例:Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade.相反,如果家庭作业很重要,那么家庭作业就应该在成绩的计算中占重要的比例。(2012年英语二阅读理解Part A Text 1)
35、appropriate [əˈprəupriit] adj.适当的
例:If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women-whether CEOs or their children's caregivers-and all families,Sand-berg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.如果有合理的公共政策来帮助所有的女性-不管是首席执行官还是他们孩子的保姆-和所有的家庭,那么像其他生活在更加公平社会中的优 秀人才那样,桑伯格就没有新闻报道价值了。(2013年英语二阅读理解Part A Text4)
36、spoil[spɔɪl] vt.溺爱;破坏;糟蹋
例:Governing a great nation is like cooking a small fish-too much handling will spoil it.(Lao Tzu-Chinese philosopher)治大国,若烹小鲜。
常见搭配:① be spoilt for choice 选择太多让人难以决定 例:There are so many good movies this year-one is spoilt for choice.今年好电影太多了,简直让人无从选择。
②be spoiling for a fight 忍不住想打架 例:It was so difficult arguing with him and I was spoiling for a fight over this problem.跟他理论真是太难了,我忍不住想就这个问题打一架。
37、witness ['witnəs] n.证人;目击者
例:The government is to ban payments to wit-nesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.政府将禁止报社向证人支付报酬,那些报社试图买通涉及诸如罗斯玛丽·韦斯特审判等著 名案件的证人。(2001年英语完形填空)
vt.目击;证明;为·······作证 例:By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama,and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.莎士比亚出生之时,欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝,在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下,很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。(2018年英语一翻译第46题)
38、siege[siːdʒ] n.围攻;包围
例:Exactly when people are in turmoil is the time that the entertainment business has always been at its best. Because people don't want to be reminded every day that they are under siege, or that they're not having a great time of life.(Lionel Richie-American musician)当人们陷入混乱的时候,娱乐行业总是处于最 佳状态。因为人们不希望每天被提醒自己处于围城之中,或者生活得不快乐。
39、reproduce [ri:prə'du:s] vt.& vi.复制,重现;繁殖
例:This has created “a paradox” in that recruit-ing first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.这产生了一种“矛盾”:招收更多的初代学生,但眼睁睁看着他们碌碌无为。《心理科学》杂志上一篇文章的开头就表示不容乐观,该文章认为这意味着高等教育“持续产生并扩大,而非缩小”基于社会阶层的成就差距。(2015年英语二阅读理解 Part A Text 2)
40、solidarity [ˌsɑləˈdærətɪ] n.团结一致
例:Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity.涂尔干认为宗教信仰能够在加强社会团结方面起到作用。(2009年英语阅读理解Part B)
vi.& vt.紧张;兴奋 例:The real lover is the man who can thrill you just by touching your head or smiling into your eyes-or just by staring into space. (Marilyn Monroe-American actress)你真正喜欢的人只要抚摸一下你的头,给你一个微笑,甚至傻傻地发呆,就能让你兴奋起来。
41、volt[vəult] n.伏特(电压单位)
例:Have you heard of the news report that the line carried 13,000 volts of electricity?你听说那个新闻报道了吗?它说这条线路输送了13000伏特的电流。
42、lightning[ˈlaɪtnɪŋ] n.闪电
例:I slightly delight in flight in the sunlight and lightning.我有点喜欢在阳光和闪电中飞行。
43、memorial[məˈmorɪəl] adj.纪念的;追悼的
例:There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.皇家莎士比亚剧团(RSC)在埃文郡的莎士比亚纪念剧院上演了精彩的戏剧作品。(2006年英语阅读理解Part A Text 2)
44、physicist['fizIsist] n.物理学家;唯物论者
例:Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home health-care aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage.现今,“候鸟”移民中有作物采摘者、小提琴家、建筑工人、企业家、工程师、家庭护理助手和物理学家等。(2013年英语二阅读理解Part A Text 2)
45、weird[wird] adj.怪诞的;超自然的;古怪的,奇异的
例:Many things make people think artists are weird.许多事情让人们认为艺术家都很古怪。(2006年英语阅读理解 Part A Text 4)
例:I heard some kind of weird sound which came from the woods nearby.我听到了从附近的树林里传来的某种奇怪的声音。
46、cluster[ˈklʌstɚ] n.丛;群;串
例:Here and there in the suburbs are newly built houses in clusters.郊区到处有新建的住宅区。
vi.密集,聚集例:Businessmen cluster together to get ideas,tips, personal contacts, anything to get a step ahead of the computer.商人们聚集在一起寻求创意、建议、人际关系等,以便能比计算机领先一步。
47、departure[dɪˈpɑrtʃɚ] n.背离;离开;起程
例: It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordi-nate the departure times and destinations of pas-senger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight.对航空公司来说,协调客机的起飞时间与目的地以使它们从编队飞行中获益也是一个难题。(2010年英语二阅读理解Part B)
48、remain[rɪˈmen] vi.保持;依然;留下
例:The U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assem-bly productivity.美国的劳工被嘲笑受教育程度低,并且被认为是美国经济运行不佳的最主要原因。在汽车装配生产率方面,日本无论过去还是现在都是世界的领头羊。(2009年英语阅读理解 Part A Text 3)
49、thrill[θrɪl] n.兴奋;激动
例:The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Sta-tistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “patho-logical gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.《心理障碍诊断统计手册》第四版指出,“病态赌博”是一种持续反复并难以控制的行为,与其说是追求金钱,倒不如说是为了寻求冒险博取横财的刺激。(2006年英语阅读理解Part B)
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