填空式阅读,是一道类似高考英语试卷中出现的“七选五”类似,或者我们也可以把它看作是要求考生对一篇特殊的完形填空,命题人在一篇500词左右的文章中五个地方挖空,让我们考生根据文章所给6-7自然段选择5段分别放入五处空白处,空白处可以出现在段首,段中和段末,一般空出一个以上句子。针对这一种类型的新题型,我们可以四步走解题拿下我们的“救命六分”:
距离考研
天
在拿到题目后,阅读手段,确定文章主题;
快速浏览文后的6-7个选项,画出鲜明的衔接标志词(如逻辑标志词,指代,时间,地点,数字等信息);
利用选项中鲜明的衔接标志词,回空前后寻找对应的衔接标志(一般至少有三道题目有非常鲜明的衔接标志,要么在选项中,要么在空格前后);
如时间允许,通读文章,检查一致性和连贯性。
接下来,我们就用历年的一道试题为例,结合我们的解题技巧来解题,看看我们如何快速的得到新题型中10分中的“救命6分”:
Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.41.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere?
Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues;and42..
Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor‘true’meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.43.
Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.44.Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns–debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.
Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.45..Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.
[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.
[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.
[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.
[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.
[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstanceabouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsplausibility–inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.
[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.
[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.
首先,阅读首段,预判文章主题,在这个过程中大家无须精读,大致浏览即可,注重首句和末句:通过首段,我们可以得知首段主要讲“如何阅读(首句reading)”,以及在阅读过程中的行为。
Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.41.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere?
第二步,浏览选项中鲜明的标志词,段落大于一行时我们可以快速找一下一行,当段落只有一句话时,快速浏览整个句子(因为太远的位置,和前面的文章内容关系太远一般不构成联系)。
Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythat(定语标志,不是指代)fulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.
[B]Factorssuchas(句内可还原指代,不鲜明)theplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.
[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsor(句内并列标志)idioms,youguessattheir(句内可以还原)meaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.
[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeanings(the+n指代,可以用)oreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.
[E]Youmakefurtherinferences(可能前面有相关表达,后面才会出现比较级),forinstanceabouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsplausibility–inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.
[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.
[G]Rather(相反关系,需要理解句子的意思进行推理),weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.
在浏览完选项后,我们发现只有E选项最为鲜明,那么我们可以利用E中的furtherinferences这个信息带入到每个空,对应每个空前的句子,这时我们可以发现42题空前出现了inferinformation,并且只能和E选项开头的furtherinferences相呼应,那么42题我们就可以确定答案是E选项。
Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues;and42.E.
虽然选项当中的鲜明标志词我们只能利用一个,不过大家也能看出,我们在画完鲜明的标志词后事很轻松能对应处选项的,对此,大家一定要耐心,仔细并且对我们的新题型充满信心。
继续我们刚才的思路,虽然选项用完了,但是文章中(空前后)鲜明的关系词我们还没有利用,我们来看逐题观察,空后的鲜明标志词(因为刚才在看选项的时候,只有E项能和空前文章构成关系,其余空前均没有明显的鲜明的标志词,所以我们可以重点看空后)
41;无
42:已解,E选项
43.空后suchbackground
44.This(单数指代,后无名词,还原比较难);However,
45.Suchdimensionsofreading(前可能存在reading的指代或者相关信息的罗列)
我们将这些鲜明的标志词逐个带入后会发现,43题中的suchbackground可以和G项中variouskindsofbackground相互呼应,其它选项均没有这种关系的体现,那么43题A选项这个答案就可以很轻松的得出来了。
44.需要我们去看一下句子意思,可能难度比较大,可以先跳过。
再看45题,45中的suchdemension(维度)ofreading可以和A选项中wayofreading形成指代关系,其余选项均没有这种关系,那么45题A选项这个答案就可以得出来了。
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本文标题:2023考研英语新题型-填空式阅读解题方法
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